Juice is the liquid Liquid is one of the three classical states of matter. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container, but, like a solid, it resists compression. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, that is naturally contained in fruit The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state, such as apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, juniper berries and bananas, or the similar-looking structures in other or vegetable The noun vegetable usually means an edible plant or part of a plant other than a sweet fruit or seed. This usually means the leaf, stem, or root of a plant tissue. Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating Raw, dried or preserved fruit or vegetables are soaked in a liquid to soften and to absorb the flavor of the liquid. In the case of fruit, they are often just sprinkled with sugar, then left to sit and release their own juices. This process makes the food more flavorful and easier to chew and digest fresh fruits or vegetables flesh without the application of heat or solvents. For example, orange juice Orange juice is a popular beverage made from oranges by extraction from the fresh fruit, by desiccation and subsequent reconstitution of the dried juice, or by concentration and subsequent addition of water to the concentrate. The term "orange juice" is also used, both colloquially and commercially, to refer to "concentrated orange is the liquid extract of the fruit The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state, such as apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, juniper berries and bananas, or the similar-looking structures in other of the orange An orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus Citrus ×​sinensis and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata).[citation needed] It is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, tree. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruits and vegetables using a variety of hand or electric juicers A juicer is a tool for extracting juice from fruits, vegetables, or wheatgrass. This is known as juicing. Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp The juice vesicles of a citrus fruit are the membranous content of the fruit’s endocarp. The vesicles contain the juice of the fruit. The pulp is usually removed from fruit juice by filtering it out, but high-pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage. Juice may be marketed in concentrate A concentrate is a form of substance which has had the majority of its base component removed. Typically this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension such as the removal of water from fruit juice. One benefit of producing a concentrate is that of a reduction in weight and volume for transportation as the concentrate can be re- form, sometimes frozen, requiring the user to add water Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state, water vapor or steam to reconstitute the liquid back to its "original state". However, concentrates generally have a noticeably different taste from that of their "fresh-squeezed" counterparts. Other juices are reconstituted before packaging for retail sale. Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food is processed and sealed in an airtight container. The process was first developed as a French military discovery by Nicolas Appert. The packaging prevents microorganisms from entering and proliferating inside, pasteurization Pasteurization is a process of heating a food, usually liquid, to a specific temperature for a definite length of time, and then cooling it immediately. This process slows microbial growth in food. The process was named after its creator, French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur. The first pasteurization test was completed by Louis Pasteur, freezing In physical science, freezing or solidification is the process in which a liquid turns into a solid when cold enough. The freezing point is the temperature at which this happens. Melting, the process of turning a solid to a liquid, is almost the exact opposite of freezing. All known liquids undergo freezing when the temperature is lowered enough,, evaporation Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid, that occurs only on the surface of a liquid. The other type of vaporization is boiling, that instead occurs on the entire mass of the liquid. Evaporation is also part of the water cycle and spray drying Spray drying is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by rapidly drying with a hot gas. This is the preferred method of drying of many thermally-sensitive materials such as foods and pharmaceuticals. A consistent particle size distribution is a reason for spray drying some industrial products such as catalysts. Air is the.

Labeling

Most nations define a standard purity Purity is the absence of impurity in a substance or abstinence from vices and/or abundance of virtue for a beverage to be considered a "fruit juice." This name is commonly reserved for beverages that are 100% pure fruit juice.

In the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land the name of a fruit or fruits followed by juice can only legally be used to describe a product which is 100% fruit juice, as required by the Fruit Juices and Fruit Nectars (England) Regulations^[1] and the Fruit Juices & Fruit Nectars (Scotland) Regulations 2003.^[2] However a juice made by reconstituting concentrate can be called juice. A product described as the "nectar" of a fruit must contain a minimum of juice between 25% and 50% for different fruits. A juice or nectar including concentrate must state that it does. The term "juice drink" is not defined in the Regulations and can be used to describe any drink which includes juice, however little.^[3] Comparable rules apply in all EU member states in their respective languages.

In the USA fruit juice can only legally be used to describe a product which is 100% fruit juice. A blend of fruit juice(s) with other ingredients, such as high-fructose corn syrup High-fructose corn syrup – called isoglucose, maize syrup, or glucose-fructose syrup in the UK and glucose/fructose in Canada – comprises any of a group of corn syrups that has undergone enzymatic processing to convert its glucose into fructose and has then been mixed with pure corn syrup (100% glucose) to produce a desired sweetness. In the, is called a juice cocktail or juice drink.^[4] According to the Food and Drug Administration The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments, responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter (FDA), the term "nectar" is generally accepted in the U.S. and in international trade for a diluted juice to denote a beverage that contains fruit juice or puree, water, and which may contain artificial sweeteners.^[5]

In New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also and Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British particularly (and others) juice denotes a sweetened The chemosensory basis for detecting sweetness, which varies among both individuals and species, has only been teased apart in recent years. The current theoretical model is the multipoint attachment theory, which involves multiple binding sites between sweetness receptor and the sweet substance itself fruit extract, whereas nectar In some countries, the beverage industry distinguishes nectars from drinks labeled as "juice". In the United States and the United Kingdom, the term "fruit juice" is restricted to beverages that are 100% pure juice, whereas a "nectar" may be diluted with sugar water and contain additives besides fruit juice, including denotes a pure fruit or vegetable extract.^{[citation needed]}

Fruit juice labels may be misleading, with juice companies actively hiding the actual content. "No added sugar" is commonly printed on labels, but the products may contain large amounts of naturally occurring sugars;^[6][7] however, sugar content is listed with other carbohydrates A carbohydrate is an organic compound with the general formula Cmn, that is, consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with the last two in the 2:1 atom ratio. Carbohydrates can be viewed as hydrates of carbon, hence their name. Structurally however, it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones on labels in many countries.

Some carbonated beverages, not described as fruit juice, contain fruit juice (such as Mountain Dew Mountain Dew, currently stylized predominantly as Mtn Dew, is a soft drink distributed by PepsiCo, but remains its own brand. The formula was made and first marketed in Marion, VA, Knoxville and Johnson City, Tennessee, USA through the 1940s, then in Fayetteville, North Carolina by Barney and Ally Hartman. By 1964, it was being distributed across, which contains orange juice).

Health effects

Juices are often consumed for their perceived health benefits. For example, orange juice is rich in vitamin C Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid or L-ascorbate is an essential nutrient for humans and certain other animal species, in which it functions as a vitamin. In living organisms, ascorbate is an anti-oxidant, since it protects the body against oxidative stress. It is also a cofactor in at least eight enzymatic reactions, including several collagen, folic acid Folic acid and folate (the naturally occurring form), as well as pteroyl-L-glutamic acid and pteroyl-L-glutamate, are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Folic acid is itself not biologically active, but its biological importance is due to tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives after its conversion to dihydrofolic acid in the liver, potassium Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K (Latin: kalium, from Arabic: القَلْيَه‎ al-qalyah "plant ashes" cf. Alkali from the same root, more commonly known in Modern Standard Arabic as بوتاسيوم ‹bwtasywm›), atomic number 19, and atomic mass 39.0983. Potassium was first isolated from potash. Elemental, is an excellent source of bioavailable In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via antioxidant An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions that damage cells. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by phytochemicals Phytochemicals are chemical compounds such as beta-carotene that occur naturally in plants. The term is generally used to refer to those chemicals that may affect health, but are not yet established as essential nutrients. While there is abundant scientific and government support for recommending diets rich in fruits and vegetables, there is only^[8] and significantly improves blood lipid profiles in people affected with hypercholesterolemia Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. It is not a disease but a metabolic derangement that can be secondary to many diseases and can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. It is closely related to the terms "hyperlipidemia" (elevated levels of lipids) and ".^[9] Prune juice is associated with a digestive health benefit. Cranberry juice has long been known to help prevent or even treat bladder In anatomy, the urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. A hollow muscular, and distensible organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra infections, and it is now known that a substance in cranberries prevents bacteria The bacteria ( [bækˈtɪəriə] ; singular: bacterium)[α] are a large group of single-celled, prokaryote microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, from binding to the bladder.^[10]

The high sugar content of fruit juices is often not realized—many fruit juices have a higher sugar (fructose Fructose is a simple monosaccharide found in many foods and is one of the three important dietary monosaccharides along with glucose and galactose. The organic fructose molecule was first discovered by Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1847. Fructose is a white solid that dissolves in water – it is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. Honey,) content than sweetened soft drinks; e.g., typical grape juice has 50% more sugar than Coca Cola Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke . Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was.^[11]

Fruit juice consumption overall in Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus region (Specification of borders) and the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe is bordered by the, Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British, New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also and the USA ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language has increased in recent years,^[12] probably due to public perception of juices as a healthy natural source of nutrients and increased public interest in health issues. Indeed, fruit juice intake has been consistently associated with reduced risk of many cancer types,^{[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]} might be protective against stroke A stroke (sometimes called a cerebrovascular accident ) is the rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia (lack of blood flow) caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism), or a hemorrhage (leakage of blood). As a result, the affected area of the brain is^[21] and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.^[22]

The perception of fruit juice as equal in health benefit to fresh fruit has been questioned, mainly because it lacks fiber and has often been highly processed.^{[citation needed]} High-fructose corn syrup High-fructose corn syrup – called isoglucose, maize syrup, or glucose-fructose syrup in the UK and glucose/fructose in Canada – comprises any of a group of corn syrups that has undergone enzymatic processing to convert its glucose into fructose and has then been mixed with pure corn syrup (100% glucose) to produce a desired sweetness. In the, an ingredient of many juice cocktails, has been linked to the increased incidence of type II diabetes. High consumption of juice is also linked to weight gain,^[23] but fruit juice consumption in moderate amounts can help children and adults meet daily recommendations for fruit consumption, nutrient intake and calories.^[24][25]

Juice bar

A juice bar is an establishment which primarily serves prepared juice beverages. It shares some of the characteristics of a bar A bar is an establishment that serves alcoholic drinks — beer, wine, liquor, and cocktails — for consumption on the premises or coffeehouse A coffeehouse or coffee shop is an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee or other hot beverages. It shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant, but it is different from a cafeteria. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on providing coffee and tea as well as light snacks. Many.

See also

• Juice vesicles The juice vesicles of a citrus fruit are the membranous content of the fruit’s endocarp. The vesicles contain the juice of the fruit. The pulp is usually removed from fruit juice by filtering it out

References

1. ^ Fruit Juices and Fruit Nectars (England) Regulations
2. ^ Fruit Juices & Fruit Nectars (Scotland) Regulations 2003
3. ^ Parents beware: Juice in juice drinks costs up to £34 $10 per litre!
4. ^ The Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Sec. 102.33 Beverages that contain fruit or vegetable juice
5. ^ FDA Juice HACCP Regulation: Questions & Answers
6. ^ Canadian Food Inspection Agency: Criteria for the Nutrient Content Claim No Added Sugars
7. ^ Food Standards Australia New Zealand
8. ^ Franke AA, Cooney RV, Henning SM, Custer LJ. Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of orange juice components in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 29;53(13):5170-8.
9. ^ Kurowska EM, Spence JD, Jordan J, Wetmore S, Freeman DJ, Piché LA, Serratore P. HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;72(5):1095-100.
10. ^ Drug Watch: Cranberry juice reduces bacteriuria and pyuria
11. ^ JUST WHAT IS THE SUGAR CONTENT OF FRUIT JUICE
12. ^ [Report] West Europe Fruit Juice Market Research, Trends, Analysis TOC
13. ^ Brock KE, Berry G, Mock PA, MacLennan R, Truswell AS, Brinton LA. Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Jun 15;80(8):580-5.
14. ^ Uzcudun AE, Retolaza IR, Fernández PB, Sánchez Hernández JJ, Grande AG, García AG, Olivar LM, De Diego Sastre I, Barón MG, Bouzas JG. Nutrition and pharyngeal cancer: results from a case-control study in Spain. Head Neck. 2002 Sep;24(9):830-40.
15. ^ Radosavljević V, Janković S, Marinković J, Dokić M. Non-occupational risk factors for bladder cancer: a case-control study. Tumori. 2004 Mar-Apr;90(2):175-80.
16. ^ Kwan ML, Block G, Selvin S, Month S, Buffler PA. Food consumption by children and the risk of childhood acute leukemia. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Dec 1;160(11):1098-107.
17. ^ Chan JM, Wang F, Holly EA. Vegetable and fruit intake and pancreatic cancer in a population-based case-control study in the San Francisco bay area. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Sep;14(9):2093-7.
18. ^ Maserejian NN, Giovannucci E, Rosner B, Zavras A, Joshipura K. Prospective study of fruits and vegetables and risk of oral premalignant lesions in men. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Sep 15;164(6):556-66. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
19. ^ Wu H, Dai Q, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Schlundt D, Smalley WE, Chen H, Li M, Shyr Y, Zheng W. Fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with lower risk of colorectal adenomas. J Nutr. 2009 Feb;139(2):340-4. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
20. ^ Lewis JE, Soler-Vilá H, Clark PE, Kresty LA, Allen GO, Hu JJ. Intake of plant foods and associated nutrients in prostate cancer risk. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(2):216-24.
21. ^ Feldman EB. Fruits and vegetables and the risk of stroke. Nutr Rev. 2001 Jan;59(1 Pt 1):24-7.
22. ^ Dai Q, Borenstein AR, Wu Y, Jackson JC, Larson EB. Fruit and vegetable juices and Alzheimer's disease: the Kame Project. Am J Med. 2006 Sep;119(9):751-9.
23. ^ Juice alert - National - smh.com.au
24. ^ [1]
25. ^ [2]

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